
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="zh-CN">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
      <title>如何在 Nginx 中配置 URL 重写和重定向？ - 交互式测验</title>
      <style>
        @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans+SC:wght@400;500;700&display=swap');
        
        body {
          font-family: 'Noto Sans SC', sans-serif;
          background-color: #f4f7f9;
          color: #333;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: center;
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 100vh;
          margin: 0;
          padding: 20px;
          box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        
        .main-wrapper {
            position: relative;
            width: 100%;
            max-width: 900px; /* Wider to accommodate buttons */
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
        }

        .quiz-container {
          background-color: #ffffff;
          border-radius: 16px;
          box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
          width: 100%;
          max-width: 700px;
          overflow: hidden;
          z-index: 10;
        }

        .quiz-header {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          padding: 20px 30px;
          text-align: center;
        }

        .quiz-header h1 {
          margin: 0;
          font-size: 24px;
          font-weight: 700;
        }
        
        .quiz-header p {
            margin: 5px 0 0;
            font-size: 14px;
            opacity: 0.9;
        }

        .quiz-body {
          padding: 30px;
        }

        .progress-bar {
            display: none; /* 隐藏进度条 */
            width: 100%;
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
            border-radius: 5px;
            height: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #progress-indicator {
            height: 100%;
            width: 0%;
            background-color: #4caf50;
            border-radius: 5px;
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
        }

        #question-container {
          margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #question-text {
          font-size: 18px;
          font-weight: 500;
          line-height: 1.6;
          margin-bottom: 25px;
        }

        .options-list {
          list-style: none;
          padding: 0;
          margin: 0;
        }

        .option-item {
          background-color: #f8f9fa;
          border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
          margin-bottom: 12px;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
        }

        .option-item:hover {
          background-color: #e9ecef;
        }
        
        .option-item.selected {
            background-color: #d1e7fd;
            border-color: #4a90e2;
        }

        .quiz-footer {
          padding: 20px 30px;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: space-between; /* 将按钮分布在两侧 */
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 65px; /* Reserve space */
        }

        .nav-btn {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          border: none;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 10px 20px;
          font-size: 16px;
          font-weight: 500;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
          box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
        }
        
        #next-btn {
            background-color: #28a745;
        }

        .nav-btn:hover {
          background-color: #357abd;
          transform: scale(1.05);
        }
        
        .nav-btn:disabled {
            background-color: #a0c3e8;
            cursor: not-allowed;
            opacity: 0.7;
        }

        #result-container {
            border-top: 1px solid #eee;
        }
        
        .result-box {
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 20px;
            margin-top: 20px;
        }
        
        .result-box.correct {
            background-color: #d4edda;
            border: 1px solid #c3e6cb;
            color: #155724;
        }

        .result-box.incorrect {
            background-color: #f8d7da;
            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
            color: #721c24;
        }
        
        .result-box h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
        }

        .explanation-text {
            margin-top: 15px;
            line-height: 1.7;
        }
        
        .source-text {
            font-style: italic;
            font-size: 14px;
            margin-top: 15px;
            color: #555;
        }

        
        .final-score-container {
            padding: 40px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .final-score-container h2 {
            margin-top: 0;
            margin-bottom: 30px;
        }
        .score-summary {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            gap: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 40px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
        }
        .score-card {
            background-color: #f8f9fa;
            border-radius: 12px;
            padding: 20px;
            width: 180px;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
            border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
        }
        .score-card h3 {
            margin: 0 0 10px;
            font-size: 16px;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: #555;
        }
        .score-card p {
            margin: 0;
            font-size: 28px;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: #333;
        }
        .score-details table {
            width: 100%;
            font-size: 16px;
        }
        .score-details td {
            padding: 4px 0;
        }
        .score-details td:last-child {
            text-align: right;
            font-weight: 700;
        }
        .report-actions button {
            background-color: #fff;
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 12px 25px;
            font-size: 16px;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin: 0 10px;
            transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
        }
        .report-actions button:hover {
            background-color: #f1f1f1;
            border-color: #bbb;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }
        .report-actions button.primary {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
            border-color: #28a745;
        }
        .report-actions button.primary:hover {
            background-color: #218838;
        }
        
        .hint-container {
            background-color: #e0f7fa;
            border: 1px solid #b2ebf2;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 15px;
            margin-top: 20px;
            color: #006064;
            font-size: 15px;
            line-height: 1.6;
            display: none; /* 默认隐藏 */
        }
      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>如何在 Nginx 中配置 URL 重写和重定向？ - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "在Nginx的`rewrite`指令中，`rewrite regex replacement [flag];` 这条基本语法的三个核心组成部分分别是什么？",
    "options": [
      "`regex` (正则表达式), `replacement` (替换的URL), `flag` (标志)",
      "`location` (位置), `url` (目标地址), `code` (状态码)",
      "`source` (源路径), `destination` (目标路径), `option` (选项)",
      "`pattern` (模式), `target` (目标), `status` (状态)"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 0,
    "explanation": "Nginx的`rewrite`指令的基本语法由三部分构成：`regex`是一个正则表达式，用于匹配请求的URL；`replacement`是匹配成功后要替换成的新URL；`flag`是一个可选的标志，用于控制重写的后续行为，例如`permanent`或`last`。",
    "source": "文档中「1. URL 重写」的「基本语法」部分",
    "hint": "文档中明确列出了`rewrite`指令的三个参数并对其进行了解释。"
  },
  {
    "question": "当在 Nginx 的 `rewrite` 指令中使用 `permanent` 标志时，例如 `rewrite ^/old-page$ /new-page permanent;`，它会产生什么效果？",
    "options": [
      "它会停止处理当前 location 块中的其他 `rewrite` 规则。",
      "它会向客户端返回一个 301 永久重定向状态码。",
      "它只在服务器内部重写URL，浏览器地址栏不会改变。",
      "它会向客户端返回一个 302 临时重定向状态码。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "根据文档描述，`permanent` 标志的作用是返回一个 301 永久重定向状态码给客户端。这意味着浏览器和搜索引擎会知道这个地址已经永久性地移动到了新的位置。",
    "source": "文档中「1. URL 重写」的「示例」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下 'permanent' (永久) 这个词在HTTP协议中通常对应哪个状态码。"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档，哪一个Nginx指令更常用于实现纯粹的URL重定向，并且语法更简洁，例如将所有HTTP请求转发到HTTPS？",
    "options": [
      "`redirect`",
      "`forward`",
      "`return`",
      "`rewrite`"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档明确指出，Nginx 使用 `return` 指令或带有重定向标志的 `rewrite` 指令来实现URL重定向。其中，`return code url;` 的语法非常简洁高效，是实现重定向（如HTTP到HTTPS）的首选方式。",
    "source": "文档中「2. URL 重定向」部分",
    "hint": "文档中用于实现HTTP到HTTPS重定向的示例，直接使用了一个指令和状态码。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在配置 `return 301 https://$host$request_uri;` 这条规则时，`$request_uri` 这个Nginx变量代表什么？",
    "options": [
      "仅代表客户端请求的域名。",
      "代表完整的、包含协议和域名的原始URL。",
      "代表请求URL中域名之后的部分（包含参数）。",
      "仅代表客户端的IP地址。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "在Nginx中，`$host` 变量代表请求的域名，而 `$request_uri` 变量代表了请求行中的URI，即域名后面的所有内容，包括路径和查询参数。组合使用 `https://$host$request_uri` 可以确保将用户的完整请求路径无缝地重定向到HTTPS版本。",
    "source": "文档中「2. URL 重定向」的「示例」部分",
    "hint": "考虑一个URL `http://example.com/page?id=123`，`$host` 捕获了 `example.com`，那么什么变量会捕获 `/page?id=123`？"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档中的配置示例展示了一个常见的安全实践，即第一个 `server` 块监听80端口的唯一作用是什么？",
    "options": [
      "处理 `/old-page` 的重写请求。",
      "将所有进入的HTTP请求永久重定向到HTTPS。",
      "加载SSL证书和密钥。",
      "作为备用服务器，在443端口故障时接管服务。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "在完整的配置示例中，监听80端口的 `server` 块内部只有一条 `return 301 https://$host$request_uri;` 规则。其唯一的目的就是捕获所有HTTP请求，并将其通过301永久重定向的方式转发到对应的HTTPS地址上，从而强制全站使用HTTPS。",
    "source": "文档中「3. 配置示例」部分",
    "hint": "查看示例中 `listen 80;` 的服务器块内部包含了什么指令。"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档对使用场景的描述，以下哪种情况最适合使用 `rewrite` 指令而不是 `return` 指令？",
    "options": [
      "网站进行域名迁移，需要将旧域名的所有请求都转到新域名。",
      "将所有用户的HTTP访问强制切换到更安全的HTTPS协议。",
      "将一个对用户可见的简洁URL（如`/user/123`）在服务器内部转换为实际处理请求的复杂URL（如`/profile.php?id=123`）。",
      "在网站维护期间，临时将所有流量都指向一个静态的维护页面。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "URL重写（`rewrite`）的核心价值之一是处理用户友好URL。它可以在服务器内部更改请求的URL，而客户端（浏览器）对此是无感知的，地址栏的URL不会改变。这与URL重定向（`return`）形成对比，重定向会明确告知客户端去请求一个新的地址。因此，创建用户友好URL是`rewrite`的典型应用场景。",
    "source": "文档中「1. URL 重写」的「使用场景」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下重写（rewrite）和重定向（redirect）的根本区别：一个是服务器内部处理，一个是通知客户端跳转。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在Nginx的 `rewrite` 指令中，`last` 标志和 `permanent` 标志的主要区别是什么？",
    "options": [
      "`last` 返回302临时重定向，而 `permanent` 返回301永久重定向。",
      "`last` 停止当前阶段的重写规则处理并重新匹配location，是一个内部循环；而 `permanent` 直接返回301重定向响应给客户端。",
      "`permanent` 的性能比 `last` 更高。",
      "两者没有区别，`last` 是 `permanent` 的一个别名。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "`last` 标志用于服务器内部的流程控制。当一个URL被 `rewrite ... last;` 规则重写后，Nginx会立即停止当前`location`块的处理，并用新的URL重新开始一个location匹配周期。整个过程对客户端透明。而 `permanent` 标志则会终止服务器的处理，并直接向客户端发送一个301永久重定向响应，让客户端去请求新的URL。",
    "source": "文档中「1. URL 重写」的「示例」部分",
    "hint": "文档解释了 `permanent` 会返回301状态码，而 `last` 的解释是“重写后停止处理其他重写规则”。思考一下“停止处理”后Nginx会做什么。"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
        // 存储每个问题的回答状态
        const userAnswers = new Array(quizData.length).fill(null); 

        const questionTextEl = document.getElementById('question-text');
        const optionsListEl = document.getElementById('options-list');
        const resultContainerEl = document.getElementById('result-container');
        const quizContentEl = document.getElementById('quiz-content');
        const progressIndicatorEl = document.getElementById('progress-indicator');
        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
        const nextBtn = document.getElementById('next-btn');
        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

        function loadQuestion() {
          resultContainerEl.innerHTML = '';
          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
          hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none'; // 隐藏提示
          
          if (currentQuestionIndex >= quizData.length) {
            showFinalScore();
            return;
          }

          updateProgress();

          const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
          questionTextEl.textContent = `(${currentQuestionIndex + 1}/${quizData.length}) ${currentQuestion.question}`;
          
          currentQuestion.options.forEach((optionText, index) => {
            const li = document.createElement('li');
            li.className = 'option-item';
            li.textContent = optionText;
            li.dataset.index = index; // Store index in a data attribute
            // 如果这道题已经回答过，恢复状态
            if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
                if (index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    li.classList.add('selected');
                }
            }
            optionsListEl.appendChild(li);
          });

          // 如果已经回答过，直接显示结果
          if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
              const isCorrect = userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;
              showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
          }
          
          updateNavigationButtons();
          updateProgress();
        }

        function selectOption(optionIndex) {
            userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] = optionIndex;
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

            // 重新计算分数
            score = userAnswers.reduce((acc, answer, index) => {
                return answer === quizData[index].correctAnswerIndex ? acc + 1 : acc;
            }, 0);

            showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
            updateNavigationButtons();
        }
        
        function updateProgress() {
            const answeredQuestions = userAnswers.filter(answer => answer !== null).length;
            const progressPercentage = (answeredQuestions / quizData.length) * 100;
            progressIndicatorEl.style.width = `${progressPercentage}%`;
        }
        
        function updateNavigationButtons() {
            prevBtn.style.display = 'block';
            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
            hintBtn.style.display = 'block'; // 显示提示按钮

            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
            nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuestionIndex === quizData.length - 1) ? '查看报告' : '下一题';
            
            // 如果当前问题没有提示，则禁用提示按钮并隐藏提示内容
            if (!quizData[currentQuestionIndex].hint) {
                hintBtn.disabled = true;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
                hintContainerEl.textContent = ''; // 清除旧的提示内容
            } else {
                hintBtn.disabled = false;
            }
        }

        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
                html += `<p><strong>正确答案是：</strong> ${questionData.options[questionData.correctAnswerIndex]}</p>`;
            }
            html += `<div class="explanation-text">${questionData.explanation}</div>`;
            html += `<div class="source-text">来源: ${questionData.source}</div>`;
            
            resultBox.innerHTML = html;
            resultContainerEl.appendChild(resultBox);

            // 禁用所有选项的点击事件，并高亮正确/错误答案
            Array.from(optionsListEl.children).forEach((child, index) => {
                child.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
                // 高亮正确答案
                if (index === questionData.correctAnswerIndex) {
                    child.classList.add('correct'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
                }
                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
                if (!isCorrect && index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#f5c6cb';
                }
            });
        }

        function goToNextQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex < quizData.length - 1) {
                currentQuestionIndex++;
                loadQuestion();
            } else {
                showFinalScore();
            }
        }

        function goToPreviousQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) {
                currentQuestionIndex--;
                loadQuestion();
            }
        }
        
        function showHint() {
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            if (currentQuestion.hint) {
                hintContainerEl.textContent = currentQuestion.hint;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'block';
            } else {
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
            }
        }

        function showFinalScore() {
            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  